Comparison and Contrast between Sexes for Dominance Essay -- Managemen

Examination and Contrast Between Our Sexes: Why Do We Recognize Men as the Dominant Sex In Our Species? It has consistently been, inside the course of mankind's history, that lone men were treated with deference and acknowledgment, while ladies remained at home and dealt with the family unit. At the point when individuals characterize the accompanying professions, for example, police officer, fire fighter, director, postal carrier, and so on., we accept that those individuals are male since we were instructed to feel along these lines since adolescence. Despite the fact that they are encountering issues with a language that unpretentiously belittles them, the present ladies have considerably more force than their antecedents. In light of the models expressed over, the English language has set up a chauvinist establishment that has made a misogynist society that will be unsalvageable for people in the future. Due to the chauvinist idea of the English language, the definition they produce for the two people makes a limited suspicion of the jobs they need to play. For instance in the article Can a Woman be President? by Kristen Hall, she expresses that: A lady can be a president. They carry out a responsibility similarly tantamount to men since they are similarly as savvy as men. For example there is a senator in New Jersey and she works superbly. Ladies are presently consider being equivalent to men, and ought to have indistinguishable open doors from men. Ladies adhere to rules, and help out the legislature. Ladies can use sound judgment, and viable discourses. A great many people say, 'Well shouldn't something be said about children?' Think about it. Men are liable for their children as much as ladies seem to be. A lady won't run for a president in the event that she has multi year olds and necessities to remain with them. She'll run when she gets more seasoned in light of the fact that her children will be more established. (Lobby) In the wake of breaking down Kristen's reaction I can... ... Arrange Schools. 1997. http://www.gsu.edu/~wwwing/EER-Winter.htm Christy Desmet, Kathy Houff Speak, and Deborah Church Miller, eds. Contention. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Candid, Francine and Frank Ashen. Of Girls and Chicks. Morgan, Elaine. The Man-Made Myth. Lobby, Kristen. Can a lady be President? Education (1997). 17 Nov. 2004 http://www2.lhric.org/pocantico/lebenson/president.htm Ross, Kelley. Against the Theory of Sexist Language. Feminism (1998) 18 Nov. 2004 http://www.friesian.com/language.htm Mifflin, Houghton. Misogynist Language and Assumptions. Gender (1996) 18 Nov. 2004 http://www.bartleby.com/64/5.html

Qwerty free essay sample

Ripper was one of the most well known and prestigious executioner ever. In spite of the fact that, he was not the principal sequential executioner, he was the first to do as such in such a colossally populated zone london. In spite of the fact that the quantity of casualties is informal, the number is believed to associate with 5, all prostitues inside whitechapel territory in east london, killed in 1888. The genuine personality of Jack the ripper is obscure becasue he was never gotten. The principle casualties names were: Mary Ann Nichols, Annie Chapman, Elizabeth Stride, Catherine Eddows and Mary Jane Kelly. Jacks casualties were cut, ruined, normally gutted and frequently missing organs. There are various reasons why Ripper was never gotten. Right off the bat, the topography of london had an influence in his departure. London resembled a labyrinth. at that point, whitechapel was severely sorted out, with numerous treets and dull rear entryways, which was the ideal spot yo murder somebody. Around evening time, the main wellspring of light in obscurity back streets would be small lights, which would glimmer. We will compose a custom paper test on Qwerty or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The air would likewise be dusty, and regardless of whether somebody saw ripper, they most likely would just observe a sad remnant of him. it is likewise thought the ripper was a nearby individual since he generally gets away from minutes before a police showed up at the scene and he was never gotten, which implied he may have known whitechapel quite well. Absence of innovation was another primary explanation. In victorian occasions, they had incredibly constrained scientific science they had no DNA, fingerprinting, blood composing and so on. The discovery of homicide by and large included observers accounted and blind luckiness. As it were, except if he was caught in the act at the scene, there was no real way to associate him with the person in question. It Jack the riper was ner now, in current london and did likewise, we could be certain that he wouldVe been trapped in half a month, or even days. Without criminological science, it was probably not going to get Jack the ripper.

Airline Case Study Example

Airline Case Study Example Airline Case Study â€" Case Study Example > Monopoly markets45Sales and Marketing47Provision of services in relation to sales and marketing47Capacity47Increasing the frequency of the already existing Routes48Ryanair Organizational Structure4849Personnel49Pilots at Ryanair55Ryanair Strategy58Sustainability/Financials63Aer Lingus Bid64Exit strategy64SWOT Analysis66Conclusion69List of References70 IntroductionRyanair was the first budget airline in Europe that was modeled after southwest carrier of the US. It is said that O’leary, Ryanair’s CEO, made a pilgrimage together with several other airline business executives to Dallas in the 1990’s to meet southwest’s founder Herb Kelleher. The Ryanair case is one of great interest as far as strategic management is concerned and it has a lot to do with the economic, organizational and human context of strategy. It is a case that best illustrates a strategy based on best allocation of resources assets and competencies, adding value to customers and delivery of considerable str ategic gain. The Ryanair case also shades light on the difficulties and obstacles that may come in the way of attaining and upholding such gain against a backdrop of the European airline industry. It is a case that brings together important elements in modern thinking on strategy and outlines issues of managing cost, prices and the expectations of customers. Ryanair’s story has been outstanding in Europe’s entrepreneurial sector for many years now. Besides, Ryanair has also developed an opinionated way of communication that makes use of advertising and media in making public its transformation of the air industry. Ryanair has grown to become one of the world’s most successful airlines even though it’s based in Europe alone. It is ranked Number 11 in the world in terms of profits and number 2 in terms of operation. CEO Michael O’leary holds a net worth of 636 million pounds, which is a good reward. Ryanair is considered a success because unlike other airlines, it managed to bring flying within the people’s reach. Ryanair was begun by Tony Ryan, a former executive of Aer Lingus who amassed his wealth through brokerage of aircrafts in 1985. It started with a one 15 seat aircraft plying between Waterford Dublin and London and a year later acquired a license to fly from Dublin to London though not without opposition at first from Aer Lingus which held monopoly of the route and which led to bitter competitive rivalry between the two airlines for many years. The years that followed were not without challenges from fierce competition from already established airlines in the form of price cuts that leaned on the savage side to the emergence of discount airlines other than itself, not to mention oil prices increases, the gulf war, September 11 aftermath and other socio-economic issues. Despite all these, the airline grew and by 2007, its network of routes covered most of Europe making it the largest international airline in terms of passengers. This case study will analyze Ryanair in its entirety in terms of the routes on which it operates, its aircraft schedules, its products and services, aircraft selection, flight operations and regulations its competitors, sales and marketing strategy and personnel. It will also include a SWOT and financial analysis and exit strategy. The paper will analyze Ryanair’s past present and future.

Essay about Alternative Cancer Treatment - 1011 Words

Alternative Cancer Treatment Today, many psychologists feel that psychological therapy can give cancer patients’ a longer life. The first to take this stance was Psychiatrist David Spiegel M.D., of Stanford University School of Medicine, in a 1989 study Spiegel gathered patients once a week to discuss there feelings about the cancer and here they received support from other cancer sufferers. â€Å"When Spiegel followed up a decade later, he discovered that patients who had participated in the sessions had survived an average of 18 months longer than those in the control group† (Clay,2000). It is felt that if you can tap into a patients mind and help them deal with the cancer by dealing in the mental aspect of it that it will be†¦show more content†¦Little’s doctor who has performed these studies is Alastair J. Cunningham Ph. D. a senior scientist at the Ontario Cancer Institute. The studies were that Cunningham, had experts predict patients life span’s and then he implemented his therapy. He found out that people who worked hard at change psychologically lived three times longer than predicted. Only two patients died on schedule, presumably the least active. â€Å"It makes sense to me that the people who live longer are those who make substantial psychological changes, says Cunningham† (Clay,2000). Despite these studies there is still relatively little information on psychological treatment of cancer. However, many people see this as a breakthrough in helping to deal with a big medical problem like cancer. Many psychologists feel that psychological treatment is also a good way to teach patients how to endure their physical treatments. Many of these treatments present physical problems, but the treatments are almost more taxing on the mind. â€Å"Research clearly shows that unrelieved pain can slow recovery, create burdens for patients and their families and increase costs to the health care system.† (Rabasca, 1999). In overcoming anything whether it is a task for work, school or anything that can be physically and mentally draining like cancer, it is important to keep a strong mind and a positive outlook no matter how rough it is. Most patients of cancer are so farShow MoreRelatedAlternative Treatment Of Cancer Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesAlternative treatment of cancer Cancer is an abnormality in the body that results from uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. These unchecked growth results from the body’s’ control mechanisms’ inability to function normally. As a result of this abnormality, the old cells of the body do not die yet they are supposed to die. Therefore, the cells grow out uncontrollably forming a mass of tissue called tumor (Dollinger, 72). However, it’s not all forms of cancer that form tumors in theRead MoreCancer Is The Largest Revenue Generator Of American Traditional Medicine1180 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer is now the largest revenue generator in American Traditional medicine. â€Å" (Garcia M.D.) Alternative medicines are more effective than chemotherapy and radiation with far better side effects. Not only has chemotherapy been proven non-effective on many cancers, and it also comes with deadly side effects. Chemotherapy has been found to be nearly as effective as spontaneous remission. According to the Scientific American Journal, studies as early as 1985 have proven chemotherapy to be only 3%Read MoreBenefits Of Alternative Medicines For Cancer Patients960 Words   |  4 Pages210 new cancer cases diagnosed according to the American Cancer Society. That is roughly 1 in every 190 Americans who do not have cancer already. In 2014 the American Cancer Society estimated that Americans spent $88.7 billion dollars on cancer treatments. If there are so many cancer patients and so much money spent then why are patients not getting the best treatment for their cancer? In 2014 I was very close with a family who contributed to that estimated $88.7 billion and for treatments that didRead MoreUse of Alternative or Holistic Therapies in Cancer Patients Essay582 Words   |  3 Pagesout t here are actually using alternative therapies for cancer. According to Yates (1993), â€Å"A number of studies have attempted to measure the extent of use of alternative cancer therapies. These studies have reported that anywhere from 10 percent (Daw et al 1977) to over 50 percent (Casselith et al 1984) of people with cancer use alternative therapies† (p. 202). In Yates’ study, he cited that he used the categories of Miller and Howard-Ruben (1983) for dividing alternative therapies into four main groupsRead MoreThe Relation Between Cancer And The Immune System Inasmuch Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagesis the relation between cancer and the immune system inasmuch as immunotherapy is concerned? The importance of the immune system in fighting cancer has been known for decades and even some of the more advanced techniques in immunotherapy date back to the 1970s. In this article we explore how the immune system and its components can bolster the body s fight against cancer o r to augment radiation and/or chemotherapy. We will also explain both conventional and alternative medicine views of immunotherapyRead MoreAlternative Forms Of Medicine For Breast Cancer Rates775 Words   |  4 PagesContext Breast cancer rates are continuously on the rise, and improvements in diagnostic technology have made it possible for patients to undergo treatment as early as possible in attempt for a higher survival rate. However, conventional treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy leave patients weak, fatigued, and often depressed. Alternative forms of medicine are being sought out to provide a better experience for these breast cancer patients. This systematic review examines the effects of twoRead MoreCancer Outcome Essay1257 Words   |  6 PagesHow has Cancer Treatment Been Evolving? According to a prediction by the American Cancer Society, in 2017 it is estimated there will be 1,688,780 new cancer cases diagnosed and around 600,920 of those cases will end in death (â€Å"Cancer Facts and Figures 2017†). Imagine if we could cut that number in half, or even find a cure to help these people and their loved ones. With all the research that is being done, this may be possible one day; however, for now we must go through with treatments hospitalsRead MoreAlternative Medicine and Mainstream Medicine Essay1417 Words   |  6 Pages I feel like alternative medication is disgusting, because you do not know how clean or sanitary the tools, or treatments are. Alternative medicine is any treatment that is not part of the traditional medical system,like someone would learn in nursing school, or paramedic training. Complementary are those used alongside conventional medicine. Recent research has disproved the usefulness of many of these therapies. (USA Today) Alternative medicine is a different way to cure a disease, or anotherRead MoreAlternativeal Medicine : The Pros And Cons Of Alternative Medicine1347 Words   |  6 Pagesand tell you they know what is wrong and they have the treatment that is going to work for you. But instead they come in the room to tell you that they have done everything they can do and unfortunately there is no cure or treatment and there isn’t much more that can be done. Our society is dependent on the use of conventional medicine and does not realize the other possibilities for medical treatment, including alternative medicine. Alternative medicine is the traditional medicine that was used inRead MoreBreas t Cancer Is Not Just A Single Disease? Essay1486 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is not just a single disease. It may come in different types. One particular type and the most common is the invasive ductal carcinoma or the infiltrating ductal carcinoma. This is cancer that invades the surrounding breast tissues as it breaks through walls of the milk duct. Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is another type of cancer. This is non-invasive, meaning it does not spread to the surrounding breast tissues. Another type is the triple negative breast cancer. This happens when

Theories Of Self Efficacy And Self Esteem Essay - 1981 Words

Psychologist Albert Bandura has defined self-efficacy as one s belief in one s ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task. One s sense of self-efficacy can play a major role in how one approaches goals, tasks, and challenges (Bandura, Albert 1995). Self-Efficacy and Self-esteem are a lot alike in regards to an individual’s belief in their ability to succeed at a task. Self-esteem plays a big role in determining how an individual performs in the classroom. Individuals with high self-esteem do better in school as opposed to their peers with low self-esteem who do not perform as well. Individuals with high self-esteem have a high locus of control and utilize healthy coping strategies. In contrast, individuals with low self-esteem have a low locus of control depend on unhealthy coping strategies, such as self-handicapping. Students with an internal locus of control obtain higher test scores and credit their academic success to internal factors as oppose to thos e with an external locus of control who more often blame or credit the concept of luck or fate. Students with an external locus of control believe that no matter how much they study, if they are meant to pass a test they will. Self-handicapping refers to a performance-debilitating characteristic, which has been consistently associated with negative outcomes which in student populations such as academic under achievement and poor psychological adjustment. Research suggests that locus of control isShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of Social Psychology1551 Words   |  7 Pages but more importantly, how external contributors manifest into self- construct systems for motivation of cognition, behavior, and learning. 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The possession of strong self-efficacy beliefs has been related to positive outcomes in academic achievement, career choice and also to reduceRead MoreBandura s Social Cognitive Theory1202 Words   |  5 PagesBandura’s Social Cognitive Theory Video Notes Triadic Reciprocal Causation Describe what triadic reciprocal causation is. Albert Bandura, introduced triadic reciprocal causation as a term referring to mutual influences between three sets of factors: personal, the environment, and behavior. This can be a cognitive factor for memory, anticipation, and planning. How is triadic reciprocal causation of social cognitive theory different than earlier behavioral learning theories? Triadic reciprocalRead MoreThe Injuries Of The Wounded Worrier Program1489 Words   |  6 PagesMinding our bodies: Physical Activities for Mental Health, evaluated different programs that promote physical fitness for their patients dealing with mental health. The evaluation concluded, the activities help improve their overall mental health, self-esteem, and dealing with stress. The programs that were evaluated consisted on the Canadian Mental Health Heath Association and the Du-B-Fit, the purpose of their study was to promote healthier life style incorporating physical fitness. The evaluationRead MoreSelf Esteem1583 Words   |  7 PagesSelf-Esteem is a personal judgment of ones worth and the satisfaction or dissatisfaction with ones own self. By this definition Self-Esteem is how each individual person views them selves as a person both mentality and physically. According to William James, the American psychologist, self esteem involves only one mental perception of the own quali ties and their physical. Self esteem plays an important role of who people are and starts at a very young age. There are both positives and negativeRead MoreEssay on Unit 7 Ps3301380 Words   |  6 Pagesdevelopment? Put simply, developmental theories of personality follow quite closely the same developmental timetable as cognitive development. The Oral stage of Freud occurs during the Sensor motor period of Piaget; the anal stage, Pre-conceptual stage; the phallic stage, Concrete Operational Stage; the Latency period of Freud also occurs during the Concrete Operational stage; the Genital stage, Formal Operations. Erickson’s stages ad other stage theories follow a similar path. The ages of theseRead MoreImpression Management607 Words   |  3 PagesSelf-efficacy– One’s belief in the likelihood of goal completion can be motivating in itself (Van der Bijl amp; Shortridge-Baggett, 2002). Self-efficacy refers to peoples judgements about their capability to perform particular tasks. Task-related self-efficacy increases the effort and persistence towards challenging tasks; therefore, increasing the likelihood that they will be completed (Barling amp; Beattie, 1983, as cited in Axt ell amp; Parker, 2003, p. 114). A person Self-efficacy beliefsRead MoreThe Triadic Reciprocal Causation Of Social Cognitive Theory1749 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe what triadic reciprocal causation is. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory explains psychological functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation. Triadic reciprocal causation is a system assuming human action as a result of an interaction with the environment, behavior, and a person. Bandura explains person as being a cognitive factor such as memory, anticipation, and planning. It is because of these cognitive capacities that some people can select or restructure their environmentRead MoreThe Effect Of Motivation On Children s Life1373 Words   |  6 Pageschildhood years have been emphasized in different theories that highlight children’s motivation to learn. Theoretical interpretation of motivation emphasize the roles of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation during early years. Theories were based on behavioral and cognitive views. Behavioral theories explained the motivation and learning the concept in terms of behavior, for example, the reinforcement theory, social learning theory and other related theories that emphasized the human behavioral scienceRead MoreTrait Theory And Social Cognitive Theories1190 Words   |  5 Pages Both Trait theory and Social Cognitive Theories are currently and have been very influential in describing personalities in people over the years. They have both similar and opposite qualities as well and seem to work off of each other at times in my opinion. Although many theories are still helpful in some ways, I feel like these two are more beneficial due to them bringing a more positive approach to describing personalities and giving the person more control over their own behavioral change rather

The Effects of Various DDT Residue Levels Found in Infants via Breast Milk Free Essays

string(70) " all African female parents contain DDT residues in their breastmilk\." The effects of assorted DDT residue degrees found in babies via chest milk sing their overall wellness hazard and safety, for malarial bar in developing states. Malaria is known to be a dangerous disease transmitted to people via bites of septic mosquitoes, and besides really common in insanitary environments. For malarial bar, a relentless insect powder called DDT was used worldwide as a inexpensive and effectual agencies of vector control ( Walter et. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Various DDT Residue Levels Found in Infants via Breast Milk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Al, 2005 ) . An acceptable sum of DDT is by and large non toxic to worlds, but it was banned in 2001, chiefly for ecological grounds ( Walter et. Al, 2005 ) . Some researches have shown that exposure of DDT at needful sums for malarial control, can do pre-term birth and early ablactation in in order to cut down infant mortality from malaria ( Walter et. Al, 2005 ) . As Indoor Residual Spraying ( IRS ) of insect powders tends to be the lone feasible option to eliminate malaria in certain states, an exposure to occupants and babies which is of higher hazard, is difficult to forestall ( Bouwman et al. , 2006 ; Bouwman et al. , 2009 ) .This exposure of DDT to babies was through chest milk which in some instances found exceeds the acceptable consumption degrees, thereby potentially consequences to infant mortality ( Bouwman et. Al, 2009 ) . With appraisal and consideration of World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme ( WHOPES ) , safety and hazards of these chemicals was taken into history for tolerable and acceptable steps ( Bouwman et. Al, 2009 ) . Assorted surveies have shown that the consumptions exceed maximal acceptable degrees of consumption induces inauspicious effects on babies, which have been convincingly proven to be a menace to encephalon and endocrinal systems ( Azeredo et al. , 2008 ; Bouwamn et al. , 2009 ; Walter et al. , 2005 ) . It is during the chest eating period that any baby may be exposed to the highest lifetime concentration of insect powders, hence pregnant and/or female parents, babies and yearlings are largely prone to wellness hazard in developing states with high malarial infection rates ( Bouwman et. Al, 2009 ) .This paper will concentrate on DDT residue degrees found in human breastmilk from malaria infected countries such as South Africa and Brazil, and placental transportation of DDT in mother-infant braces from Northern Thailand. The end was to analyze the exposure and consumption of DDT residue degrees by babies in chest milk associated with hormone and neurological effects Methods Participants Harmonizing to the research survey done by Bouwman et Al. ( 2006 ) , a sum of 152 female parents successfully donated at clinics situated in Ubombo and Ngwavuma territories of the Northern parts of the Kwazulu-Natal Province of South Africa. However, merely around 10 female parents from Mkuze did non take part. None of them had any inadvertent exposure to pesticides, except for working on farm lands or through malarial control. Bouwman et Al. ( 2006 ) mentioned that the cognition known by these female parents sing pesticide usage and safety was limited. There were no important differences ( P lt ; 0.05 ) for maternal age, between para I and multiparae ages in the three towns ( Bouwman et al. , 2006 ) . Besides, there were no important differences between the ages of the babies of these female parents, and degrees of milk fat between any of the groups ( Bouwman et al. , 2006 ) . In another survey made by Azeredo et Al. ( 2008 ) at Medeira River basin in Brazil, they have collected a sum of 69 different breastmilk samples. These samples were collected through broad oral cavity flasks and stored in deep-freeze for farther analysis. Similar nutrient diets were taken by these female parents, chiefly based on cassava flour, some fruits, and majorly fish ingestion ( Azeredo et al. , 2008 ) . Notably, Azeredo et Al. ( 2008 ) reported that fish ingestion was a chief beginning of DDT to worlds, due to taint and exposure of DDT on fishes. In add-on, they assessed that there were no pesticide usage in Amazonian agribusiness, and no female parent was prior exposed to DDT. Last, from the survey tested by Sapbamrer et Al. ( 2008 ) on Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane degrees through placental transportation from female parent to infant in Chiang Dao ( Thailand ) , a sum of 88 pregnant adult females who had normal bringing and full term gestation were taken as the studied topics. Hence, sum of 88 cord and maternal serum samples were examined utilizing gas chromatography-electron gaining control sensing ( GC-ECD ) . Materials and Procedure All surveies followed similar process in sample aggregation, analysis and statistical comparings. The aggregation of milk samples were put manually into glass beakers ( Azeredo et al.,2008 ; Bouwman et al. , 2005 ) . However, Sapbamrer et Al. ( 2008 ) collected 10 milliliter of maternal blood extracted by venipuncture about 2 to 5 hours prior to being sent to bringing room, and 12 milliliter of cord blood taken after bringing. The milk samples were so put under stop deading procedure and stored until analysis. After deicing the milk samples, analysis measure was assessed. Here, deproteinised was done by utilizing 30 mL propanone and extracted with n-hexane in African samples ( Bouwman et al. , 2005 ) . However in Brazil samples, homogenisation was done by hot bath at 37Â °C anterior to analysis, and deproteinization procedure occurred utilizing 10 mL propanone and extraction with 10 milliliters n-hexane ( Azeredo et al.,2008 ) . On all three surveies, DDT residues found were analyzed utilizing gas chromatography-electron gaining control sensing ( GC-ECD ) . DDT compounds were categorized in 5 constituents such asP, P-DDE ( 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis ( p-chlorophenyl ) ethene ) ,P, P-DDT ( 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis ( p-chlorophenyl ) C2H6 ) ,P, P-DDD ( 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis ( p-chlorophenyl ) C2H6 ) ,O, P-DDE ( 1,1-dichloro-2- ( o-chlorophenyl ) -2- ( p-chlorophynyl ) ethene ) , andO, P-DDT ( 1,1,1-trichloro-2- ( o-chlorophenyl ) -2- ( pchlorophynyl ) C2H6 ) ( Azeredo et al.,2008 ; Bouwman et al. , 2005 ; Sapbamrer et al. , 2008 ) . Quality control method specifically method-detection bounds was so completed for analyses on chromatograms and standard divergence between group samples to detect any significances. Finally statistical comparings were laid out between sample groups to find any significance on degrees of DDT found in breastmilk and mother-infant blood samples. Consequences Bouwman et Al. ( 2006 ) yielded consequences from samples that indicate all African female parents contain DDT residues in their breastmilk. You read "The Effects of Various DDT Residue Levels Found in Infants via Breast Milk" in category "Essay examples" Specifically, the metabolite nowadays in all these DDT compound found in the breastmilk samples wasP, P-DDE. All female parents had noticeable sums ofP, P-DDT, except for 2 from para I group signifier Mkuze, but non all of them had noticeable sums ofP, P-DDD. The degrees of O, P-DDT, DDE, and DDD were lower than the P, P degrees, which was expected. Overall, the entire DDT per centum obtained was highest in Jozini multiparae ( 42.65 % ) compared to Mkuze para I which had low Numberss due to really few participants accounted at that place. Azeredo et Al. ( 2008 ) found that all samples contained DDT taint, as evident from the figure below. The DDT metabolites ranged from 25.4 to 9361.9 nanograms of entire DDT/g lipoid, with a median of 369.6 nanograms of entire DDT/g of lipid and 8.7 of estimated day-to-day consumption ( EDI ) of entire DDT exceeded the acceptable day-to-day consumption by the World Health Organization ( WHO ) . The highest value of DDT observed was 9361.9 nanogram, taken from a primapara female parent of 27 old ages of age. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1395279.001.jpg"Note. This is where the writers show that all samples collected in Madeira River ( Brazil ) contain DDT, runing from 25.4-9361.9 nanogram of entire DDT/g lipoid. Sapbamrer et Al. ( 2008 ) has besides shown that all cord and maternal blood samples extracted contain DDT compounds. This can be shown from the tabular array 1 below, majorly bespeaking thatP, P-DDE compound were found in all cord and maternal samples andP, P-DDT in about every cord and all maternal samples. Overall, there were highest degrees ofP, P-DDE, followed by 2nd and 3rd highest degrees detected wereP, P-DDD andP, P-DDT. In footings of correlativity coefficients analyses between DDT compounds in cord and maternal blood samples shown at table 2 below, important differences were observed. The ratios calculated ofP, P-DDE,P, P-DDD andP, P-DDT were less than 1, thereby meaning high correlativity coefficients. Whereas, the ratio for O, P-DDE was higher than 1, meaning low correlativity coefficients, and in conclusion the ratio forO, P-DDT was gt ; 0.05 P rendering it non-significant for analysis. Therefore, acocording to Sapbamrer et Al. ( 2008 ) , the analysis of correlativity coefficients between DDT compounds in cord and maternal samples showed the ability of DDT chemicals to be transmitted from female parents to foetuss via placenta with respects to metabolic rate alteration, blood flow and lipid content of mother-infant. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1395279.002.png"/ Note 1.The writers show concentrate on marked % DDT detected on DDT compounds highest to lowest such asP, P-DDE,P, P-DDD andP, P-DDT. Note 2.For the ratios ofP, P-DDE,P, P-DDD andP, P-DDT lower than 1 show high correlativity coefficients, whileO, P-DDT compound show opposite consequences andO, P-DDE as non-significant. Review/Discussion All research surveies mentioned above yielded the presence of DDT compound found in the samples. Despite the forbiddance of DDT usage in agricultural activities and malarial control plan, DDT win an ability to prevail in environments for long periods of clip, the exposure and taint of the chemical is inevitable, and notably can be transmitted through nutrient concatenation ( Sapbamrer et al. , 2008 ) . DDT degrees found in breastmilk from Brazilian female parents, indicated that the chemical was transmitted from their fish diet, as suggested by Azeredo et Al. ( 2008 ) . Consumption of fish is considered a good beginning of DDT and other pesticides. The presence of DDT in the fishes in Brazilian Amazon can be accounted due to malarial vector control used in those countries. Babies are high hazard to malarial transmittal, and there are factors that have to be considered to minimise the inauspicious effects on their wellness. The chief factor would be the usage of malaria control at chemical degrees transcending acceptable sums. As evident in the tabular array below, utilizing the appraisal and consideration of World Health Organization Pesticide Evaluation Scheme ( WHOPES ) , the consumptions exceed maximal acceptable degree consumptions found in chest milk samples ( Bouwman et al. , 2006 ; Bouwman et al. , 2009 ) . Therefore these transcending degrees of DDT will bring on inauspicious effects on babies, convincingly proven a menace to encephalon and endocrinal systems ( Walter et al. , 2005 ) . Toxicological grounds shows endocrine upsets on unsafe high sums of DDT exposure, this can be shown in the drumhead chart below. Malaria remains to be a hard job to eliminate with no side effects. Although Indoor residuary crop-dusting ( IRS ) could be effectual, the method is improbable to raise the full malaria mortality in babies and kids. DDT spraying induces addition in pre-term births, early-weaning and besides chiefly affects the female parents as bearers to convey DDT to their foetus, babies via nutrient concatenation ( Sapbamrer et al. , 2008 ; Walter et al. , 2005 ) . The effects such as lessening in musculus, neurological defects, delayed pubescence, behavioral defects and generative defects possibly contributed as wellness menaces to babies when exposed to high degrees of DDT via breastmilk ( Bouwman et al. , 2009 ) . img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1395279.003.jpg"/ Note.The writers by and large show that entire DDT collected from breastmilk samples exceeds the acceptable consumption bound. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1395279.004.jpg"/ Note.This is a sum-up of the hurtful wellness hazards contributed by DDT compounds, with relation to babies. Conclusion/ Future positions It is safe to reason that babies under malarial control conditions are however exposed to chemical combinations particularly DDT, that would hold inauspicious effects if the consumptions were high plenty, likely to be above acceptable consumptions suggested by WHO. DDT is non precisely unsafe if the usage of it follows proper wellness policies that is much below the maximal consumption, yet can still continue the bound to command malaria. Breastfeeding is a good illustration of DDT residue scrutiny from female parent to infant, to demo that transmittal is really critical and usage of DDT should be maintained at a certain bound that will decrease wellness hazards of dwellers. However, a possible note to be considered in future surveies will be the opposition to DDT chemical of septic mosquitoes, and how they can come upon happening better methods alternatively of increasing the DDT sum sprayed. An improved practical attack and effectual usage of chemicals to forestall deceases and inf ant wellness hazard should be farther implemented. The add-on of infant wellness and exposure of DDT through breastmilk to WHOPES safety consideration, IRS chemicals safety and guidelines and possible hazard decrease methods should be farther studied and improved if possible ( Bouwman et al. , 2009 ) . Plants Cited Azerado, A. , Torres, J. P. , De Freitas Fonseca, M. , Britto, J. , Bastos, W. , Silva, C. E. , . . . Malm, O. ( 2008 ) . DDT and its metabolites in chest milk from Madeira River basin in the Amazon, Brazil.Chemosphere, 73, S246-S251. Bouwman, H. , A ; Kylin, H. ( 2009 ) .Malaria Control Insecticide Residues in Breast Milk: The Need to See Infant Health Risks.Retrieved October 1, 2014, from ProQuest: hypertext transfer protocol: //search.proquest.com.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/espm/docview/222658845/fulltext/698CF9ABCB774376PQ/1? accountid=14771 Bouwman, H. , Sereda, B. , A ; Meinhardt, H. M. ( 2006 ) .Coincident presence of DDT and pyrethroid residues in human chest milk from a malaria endemic country in South Africa.Retrieved October 1, 2014, from University of Toronto Libraries: hypertext transfer protocol: //journals2.scholarsportal.info.myaccess.library.utoronto.ca/pdf/02697491/v144i0003/902_spodapmeaisa.xml Rogan, W. J. , A ; Chen, A. ( 2005 ) . Health hazards and benefits of Bi ( 4-chlorophenyl ) -1,1,1-trichloroethane ( DDT ) .Environmental Sciences amd Pollution Management, 366, 763-770. Retrieved from www.thelancet.com Sapbamrer, R. , Prapamontol, T. , Prakobvitayakit, O. , Vaneesorn, Y. , Manklabruks, A. , A ; Hock, B. ( 2008 ) . Placental transportation of DDT in mother-infant braces from Northern Thailand.Journal of Environmental Science and Health Part B, 484-489. 1 How to cite The Effects of Various DDT Residue Levels Found in Infants via Breast Milk, Essay examples

Case Study Of One-Peter Mitchell Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Case Study Of One-Peter Mitchell. Answer: Case Study One-Peter Mitchell Chronic health conditions are multifactorial in nature and the care process by nurse must involve the clinical and patient needs. The treatment outcomes are affected by multiple factors and the nurse must be aware of different factors affecting the patients health (Helgeson Zajdel, 2017). The essay deals with the case study of Peter Mitchell are a 52 year old male with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the essay is to prioritize the patient needs for care integrating the different aspects of patient needs. Prioritization refers to use of clinical reasoning and decision making skills to design care process that can avoid adverse outcomes (Urden, Stacy Lough, 2015). In reference to the chronic condition presented in the case study, the essay will identify and discuss two priorities of care while applying the clinical reasoning cycle by Levett-Jones. It is a non-linear process to analyse the series of contributing and predisposing factors. It helps develop goal driven pat ient care (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The clinical reasoning cycle involves eight stages, where the first stage is consideration of patients situation (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). In the given case study Peter, 52 year old male is admitted to the medical ward with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. The patient is presented with the poorly controlled diabetes, obesity ventilation syndrome and sleep apnoea. The second stage of the clinical reasoning cycle is collection of cues and information. In this stage the patients current information is reviewed using case history, previous assessment and new information is collected through further assessment (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The patient history shows obesity and type 2 diabetes, hypertension, sleep apnoea and depression. The patient also has history of gastro oeasophageal disease reflux and smoking (for 30 years). The patient was previously on high protein diet to reduce weight. Peter had difficulty coping with the weight loss. He was instructed for light e xercises by his physiotherapist. As per the patient social history, he lost his job due to insulin therapy. His weight gain, obesity and diabetes interfered with his occupations and that added to his fatigue and other health issues. Overweight is also interfering with his activities of daily living, and may have increased risk of apnoea. It added to socially isolation. He lives alone and lacks emotional support, which may also be the cause of stress and poor health. However, the patient is motivated to quit smoking and lose weight with appropriate supervision. The patients assessment results showed BP 180/92mmHg, height 170cms, Weight 145kgs, HR 102 Bpm, Sp02 95% on RA, RR 23 Bpm. The handover informs different medications for abnormal vital signs and diabetes. The untreated condition may increase the risk of cardiovascular problems and other comorbidities (Koolhaas et al., 2017). An important part of clinical reasoning cycle refers to processing of information. It involves interpreting the information, relating with the clinical knowledge to prioritize care (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). It will better help to prioritize the care. The weight and height of the patient indicates a BMI of 50.2, which much greater than the normal range of 30, indicating obesity (Mark Somers, 2016). Obesity is associated with ventilation syndrome and sleep apnoea. It may be the cause of upper airway obstruction that is causing the episodes of shallow breathing, when sleeping. Smoking also results in airway obstruction and apnoea (Krishnan et al., 2014). The patent may be immediately provided with oxygen. It may increase the risk of further health deterioration. Hypertension may be due to high blood pressure and increased heart rate. If untreated it may worsen diabetes as the patient is obese, which also influences blood pressure (Heymsfield Wadden, 2017). Increase in respira tory rate, blood pressure, high glucose level may increase the risk of heart failure or collapsibility of pharyngeal tract. Excess adipose tissue restricts the movement of diaphragm and that of chest muscles (Mark Somers, 2016). Altogether it may affect the inhalation, exhalation as well as heart rate. It is essential to reduce weight of the patient as fatty tissue in excess amount may increase vascular resistance. Diabetes also increases blood pressure and hypertension by predisposing arteries to arthrosclerosis. It may increase the risk of kidney failure, stroke and other health issues (Cheung Li, 2012). Social isolation and smoking may further increase the risk of anxiety and depression (Choi DiNitto, 2014). The main problem or health issue of the patient can be identified by synthesizing facts and inferences (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The main health issue of the patient, from the above analysis, is clearly obesity and diabetes as they are linked with all the other presenting sign and symptoms. The adverse symptoms such as hypertension, high blood glucose level, diaphoresis, or abnormal seating are common in obesity and uncontrolled diabetes. Obesity increases insulin production for compensating high glucose level. It increases the type 2 diabetes and sequentially appetite, weight gain. Diabetes is also associated with shakiness and diaphoresis. Unusual sweating or diaphoresis is common symptom in overweight and obese individual. Hypertension is also observed in both obesity and diabetes people but the later has greater influence on the hypertension (Heymsfield Wadden, 2017). Therefore, the signs and symptoms are common in both diseases like a cyclical pathway. Intervention is immediately required to decrease obesity and control diabetes. It will consequently improve his activities of daily living and social life. Applying clinical reasoning cycle, establishment of goals that will yield desired health outcomes in the patient is important part of care process (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The two priorities fornursing care is reduction in weight and control the blood glucose level. I will do this by developing comprehensivenursing care plan that is patient centered and evidenced based. Taking action based on evidence will ensure positive health outcomes as per clinical reasoning cycle (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). To fulfill the first priority of reducing the weight of Peter, a realistic weight reduction plan will be formulated, along with appetite reduction and diet plan. It will be initiated on collaboration with dietician. Peter will be given a weekly weight loss protocol. The diet plan will include high protein and low fat consumption. The patient will be monitored for ignoring the signals of hunger or track any distortion. The rational for this lifestyle intervention is decrease in hypertension and cholesterol with protein intake. A weight loss by ten kg may have positive impact on the cholesterol and blood pressure as per Nanditha et al., (2016). Further physical activity is essential for overweight individual. It will help reduce weight every month and enhance the metabolic rate. The patient may be recommended for aerobics as it puts lest pressure on jo ints. Swimming is also considered better than jogging and walking. Involving in physical activity for 30 minutes for five days in a week will help the body mange sugar level by improving sensitivity to insulin (Koolhaas et al., 2017). The patient will be supported with education to encourage him to lose weight. Peter will be educated about healthy diet and need of high protein consumption in present condition. To patient may be administered with the anti-obesity medication. Orlistat is another affective medicine for BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 in decreasing the absorption of dietary fat by 30%. It will help reduce weight and associated complications. It may include glycosidase inhibitors, metaformin or insulin therapy (Bedhiafi et al., 2018). The pharmacological interventions will be initiated by collaborating with the general physician attending Peter. To control the glucose level, which is the secondnursing priority metaformin may be continued as it was previously administered. Further blood pressure can be controlled by administering metaprolol (Yang et al., 2018). Medication will be administered as per the instructed dosage. Patient education is also important to self monitor glucose and for self-management of complications due to obesity and diabetes. The patient will be educated to cope up with the mental health concerns associated with weight loss program. The patient may be encouraged to stop smoking as it elevates blood sugar in diabetes patients. Referring to cognitive behavioural therapist may be effective to help Peter manage stress due to lifestyle interventions specially Smoking cessation. Further, the effect of smoking on his respiratory efficiency and Heart rate will be explained. It will relive him of fatigue (Lycett et al., 2015). The rationale for educational intervention is to encourage client in adopting healthy behaviour. The effectiveness of the outcomes must be evaluated as per the knowledge of clinical reasoning cycle (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). The patients weight will be monitored daily. It is important to assess his understanding of the illness and treatment procedure to ensure compliance. The patients vital signs will be assessd to rule of any side effects of medications and modified diet. The patient will be monitored for deviations in exercise, nutrition and diet recommendations. The client is expected to demonstrate reducing weight as per plan and healthy eating. The patient is expected to self monitor glucose and show high self esteem in coping with complications. It is also important to assess for hyperglycemia condition (American Diabetes Association, 2015). Reflection on the care process is the last stage of the clinical reasoning cycle that involves contemplating on the caring and learning process (Dalton, Gee Levett-Jones, 2015). It may be difficult for client to adhere to dietary recommendations in initial phase of treatment as he lacks emotional support. The patient also has low self esteem due to poor body image. To address the challenges I will engage client in motivational therapy and group discussions to promote social connectedness (Harvey, 2015). Further, challenges will be identified to prioritize future action. The essay helped learn ways to identify patient health issue and prioritize care for Peter using clinical reasoning cycle. Identification of health issues assisted in prioritizing care. The tool helped in collecting and analyzing the clinical information. Analysis facilitated the understanding of factors underlying the Peters healths complications. Prioritizing the care guided the development of adequate nursing interventions. The interventions to reduce weight and control glucose level in patient are based on evidence. It will help to address the priority issues and promote the patient health. References American Diabetes Association. (2015). 3. Initial evaluation and diabetes management planning.Diabetes Care,38(Supplement 1), S17-S19. Cheung, B. M., Li, C. (2012). Diabetes and hypertension: is there a common metabolic pathway?.Current atherosclerosis reports,14(2), 160-166. Choi, N. G., DiNitto, D. M. (2014). Role of new diagnosis, social isolation, and depression in older adults smoking cessation.The Gerontologist,55(5), 793-801. Dalton, L., Gee, T., Levett-Jones, T. (2015). Using clinical reasoning and simulation-based education to'flip'the Enrolled Nurse curriculum.Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, The,33(2), 29. Harvey, J. N. (2015). Psychosocial interventions for the diabetic patient.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity: targets and therapy,8, 29. Helgeson, V. S., Zajdel, M. (2017). Adjusting to chronic health conditions.Annual review of psychology,68, 545-571. Heymsfield, S. B., Wadden, T. A. (2017). Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity.New England Journal of Medicine,376(3), 254-266. Koolhaas, C. M., Dhana, K., Schoufour, J. D., Ikram, M. A., Kavousi, M., Franco, O. H. (2017). Impact of physical activity on the association of overweight and obesity with cardiovascular disease: The Rotterdam Study.European journal of preventive cardiology,24(9), 934-941. Krishnan, V., Dixon-Williams, S., Thornton, J. D. (2014). Where there is smoke there is sleep apnea: exploring the relationship between smoking and sleep apnea.Chest,146(6), 1673-1680. Lycett, D., Nichols, L., Ryan, R., Farley, A., Roalfe, A., Mohammed, M. A., ... Aveyard, P. (2015). The association between smoking cessation and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a THIN database cohort study.The Lancet Diabetes Endocrinology,3(6), 423-430. Mark, A. L., Somers, V. K. (2016). Obesity, hypoxemia, and hypertension: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.Hypertension,68(1), 24-26. Nanditha, A., Snehalatha, C., Ram, J., Selvam, S., Vijaya, L., Shetty, S. A., ... Ramachandran, A. (2016). Impact of lifestyle intervention in primary prevention of Type 2 diabetes did not differ by baseline age and BMI among Asian?Indian people with impaired glucose tolerance.Diabetic Medicine,33(12), 1700-1704. Urden, L. D., Stacy, K. M., Lough, M. E. (2015).Priorities in critical care nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences. Yang, T., Hao, Y., Zhou, S., Jiang, Y., Xu, X., Qu, B., ... Liu, W. (2018). GW26-e0732 Superior Dynamic Heart Rate Control and Non-Inferior Blood Pressure Control with Bisoprolol vs Metoprolol Sustained Release Tablet in Mild-to-Moderate Hypertension: CREATIVE Study.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,66(16 Supplement), C202.